98-compliance chargeback. The mechanisms indicate the structure of penalty cost to be flat-fee or linear. 98-compliance chargeback

 
 The mechanisms indicate the structure of penalty cost to be flat-fee or linear98-compliance chargeback  Recently, my role changed to managing the chargeback dispute process

We recommend that you put systems or standard operating procedures (SOPs) in place to prevent vendor compliance chargebacks. It's more of a buyer protection measure. Clearing. SEON boasts a 30-day free trial, rapid integration, and pay-as-you-…. 6: Duplicate processing/Paid by other means. What it Means: When a customer demands a chargeback, that money isn’t drawn directly from the merchant’s account. For Collaboration. 86% of chargebacks are probable cases of ‘friendly fraud. When a cardholder disputes a charge, their issuing bank will review the transaction and decide if. The chargeback process is heavily rule-based, and it can be tempting to believe that if you memorize the rules and follow them carefully, you can avoid any serious chargeback problems. There's a special type of chargeback called a "pre-compliance" chargeback under the Visa network. Fraud. 4 concerning history updates to BPS and ACPS, respectively). . Chargebacks also prevent merchants from not delivering products or failing to give refunds. ; Help Center Find answers to common questions about Midigator’s technology,. The issuing bank facilitates the process and if successful, the customer will see the charge reversed on their credit card statement. You double and triple check your customer service records to see if the customer wrote in about the shipment (they haven’t), you check the tracking. 8%, you have entered the “Excessive” category. 00 in chargebacks. Do you want to know how to handle chargebacks as a merchant? Download the Mastercard Chargeback Guide - Merchant Edition, a comprehensive resource that explains the chargeback process, the reasons, the time frames, and the best practices to prevent and dispute chargebacks. Export Table as CSV. Challenging consumers’ disputes has been big business for Chargebacks911. 0. \. Chargeback 101: Credit Card Chargebacks Explained. If the issuer believes that the circumstance of the case change, they can deny the representment through pre-arbitration. Clearing. Fallback is a negative experience for the merchant, cardholder and issuer. In order to filter the list, kindly select the chargeback date listed above into the date filter, set status to All and click Search. However, under certain circumstances, you may not be charged the Disputed Chargeback fee. 8. 1. Has pricing. 75 - Transaction not Recognized. Sift (formerly Chargeback App): Best for combating friendly fraud. This is commonly caused by either true fraud or friendly fraud. So, they will balance the unexpected charges on to the supplier. Chargeback refers to the process of disputing a transaction that you believe you’re not responsible for paying. 10. 2. These rights to revoke, charge back, and obtain refund terminate if and when a settlement for the item received by the bank is or becomes final. There’s a Paypal fraud department number ( (402) 935-7733) you can always use. A successful chargeback mitigation plan is designed to help the merchant prevent future chargebacks. The Pre-Chargeback Phase is a critical stage in the lifecycle of a transaction, as it represents the preliminary stage where businesses can identify the reasons for chargebacks and implement strategies to prevent them. A chargeback is a transaction reversal which is initiated by the customer after they were charged by a merchant. While credit card issuers are ultimately responsible for the final decision regarding a chargeback, PayPal has an in-house chargeback team for its merchants. Maintaining an information security policy. 3. The timeline may vary based on the start date: Unspecified delivery date or service performance date: Issuer must wait a minimum of 30—but no more than 120—calendar days past the transaction processing date to initiate a chargeback; this 30-day waiting period may be waived if the merchant has gone out of business. Chargeback Gurus: Best for chargeback analysis. 2. Visa takes that number and applies it against a fraud “threshold. And according to The True Cost of Fraud report by LexisNexis, businesses end up paying $3. A failure to do so could. A Chargeback, in ordinary terms, means a reversal. Thus, a chargeback issued for a violation in February. Provide excellent customer service – Respond to customer inquiries and complaints promptly and professionally. Chapter 3—Dual Message System Chargebacks Corrected the time frame to 30 calendar days for the Cardholder Dispute Chargeback. Updated. The “Status Date” is the last day the dispute department has taken action on your case. Syncrofy also provides high-level. These are often related to appointment mistakes, paperwork, or carriers. 2. Customers request chargebacks when items they purchase never. Keep in mind that these are calendar days, not business days. As chargeback time limits get shorter and shorter, automated technology will become more and more valuable. A Chargeback occurs when a customer disputes a transaction, product, or service. Achieve and maintain PCI DSS compliance. As trusted advisors to card networks, financial institutions and the Fortune 500 — Chargeback Gurus empowers businesses to combat constantly evolving fraud tactics and customer. This provision requires that owners reimburse their corporation for costs arising out of their actions or omissions. The MasterCard Chargeback Guide contains more than 500 pages with recently updated guidelines" Staying current with changing rules most likely requiresscheme chargeback compliance program if your chargeback levels are excessive Card schemes and banks are often reluctant to refuse chargeback claims, and managing those chargebacks can prove costly and labor intensive. • Section 3: Chargebacks—Highlights strategies for chargeback prevention, as well as information on how and when to resubmit a charged back transaction to your acquirer. Set parameters for when customers can reach your business. ,Burlington Stores (2016)) use the same chargeback mechanism. “Payment Card Industry (PCI) Compliance” refers to meeting a set of standards developed to ensure that the credit card industry is securing customer data uniformly. – Hören Sie Pre- Compliance Chargebacks & Reason Code 98 Explained von Chargeback Gurus' Audio Blog sofort auf Ihrem Tablet, Telefon oder im Browser – kein Herunterladen erforderlich. This activity can then feed into money laundering. In general, deductions, also known as chargebacks or short pay, appear as short payments on an invoice. 5. Mastercard’s versions of high dispute programs are called Excessive Chargeback Management (ECM) and High Excessive Chargeback Management (HECM). Cardholders file these chargebacks when a refund credit or voided transaction receipt has not been processed by the merchant. A08 Authorization Approval Expired. High fallback rates may result in compliance action by networks. It functions as a way for merchants and issuing banks to communicate and transfer files and documents related to a dispute. Before we delve into the chargeback cycle, let’s quickly define what a chargeback is. 3. Chargebacks are fees charged to a supplier when terms of their contract have not been met and issues for errors in shipping, labeling or compliance. Nearly every merchant has the same end goal: to increase revenue. Communicate with the PayPal chargeback team. 6) The 810 Invoice must be sent within 24 hours of shipment pickup from vendor’s warehouse. If you need help managing. The recently-released 2021 Chargeback Field Report found that the average merchant noted a 21% year-over-year increase in friendly fraud between 2018 and 2021—in addition to the 25% increase in chargeback issuances due to COVID-19. Updated Oct 23, 2023. Controlling data access. 9%, but you will receive an “Early Warning” if you reach 0. Timeline Month Assessment; Standard: 1-4: N/A: Standard: 5-9: $50 per dispute: Standard: 10-12:. Chargeback Rules can refer to any part of the extended network of policies used to manage and standardize the chargeback process. There are 5 types of Amazon Chargebacks including: NEW UPDATE: Ships In Own Container Issue – In an effort to reduce waste, Amazon is expanding its Frustrating-Free Packing Program requirements. 1 Card Recovery Bulletin or Exception File. Use chargeback as an incentive to drive efficient spend. Mastercard and Visa print a three-digit card code. Chargeback Protection is a built-in, risk decisioning tool available to eligible PayPal merchants for a fee. Chargebacks911 web site. Protecting account data. To win a chargeback dispute as a merchant, you must have evidence that is compelling enough to persuade the cardholder’s bank to reevaluate the case. . Apparel retailers and suppliers must proactively address chargeback issues. Global chargeback volume topped 615 million cases in 2021, and was estimated to cost merchants nearly $117 billion in revenue. Amazon Payments sends the vendor an email notification to request this information. Each chargeback is disputed by a specific reason code. Fraud. Merchant account providers often offer security solutions and chargeback protection as additional services, often at an additional cost. There is a violation of a Visa or MasterCard rule, for which there is no chargeback reason code. This situation-specific letter is an integral component of a dispute response package, which also includes compelling evidence to support your case. All of Visa’s existing reason codes were condensed into four key groupings: fraud, authorization errors, processing errors, and customer disputes. Note: This will erase any data that ison the tape, however there should be no valid images on the tape since backupscannot use a media ID with a "/" in. A chargeback rate is a calculation of a business’s number of chargebacks against its sales volume. It’s important to understand Mastercard chargebacks and the rules that govern them. Post Views: 841. The cardholder did not receive the product or service. You double and triple check your customer service records to see if the customer wrote in about the shipment (they haven’t), you check the tracking. It’s, therefore, in your best interest to understand the various types of chargebacks that Amazon can incur if you want to fix that revenue leak. The Change: Mastercard is announcing a summary of chargeback rules changes, as well as rules and procedural changes to the arbitration and compliance case filing process. 1 : Card Recovery Bulletin : 11. 11. All of Visa’s existing reason codes were condensed into four key groupings: fraud, authorization errors, processing errors, and customer disputes. The Excessive Chargeback Merchant label helps quickly identify offenders, leading to greater accountability. Step 1: Require credit card security codes. Description. Arbitration is the final step in the Chargeback stage. These rules can be imposed at the bank, card network, or governmental level. Fraud Protection. This guide is here to help them understand a chargeback and what to do about them. Let's jump right into it so that you have all the information you need about customer chargebacks! 1. At Midigator, we believe data analysis is one of the most impactful elements of a successful chargeback management strategy. The code displays on the report. Navigating the chargeback for goods not received process is a painful undertaking for any merchant. Recently, my role changed to managing the chargeback dispute process. The consequences of fraudulent chargebacks can include unnecessary costs to firms, as well as enabling certain forms of illicit financial activity. A refund is the return of money to a customer. EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud. 47 billion by 2023. 3. . The following list is a bird’s eye view of the negative impact chargebacks have on merchants: The merchant must pay a fee (anywhere from $20 to $100) for every chargeback that is filed against the business. Four Steps to Submit a Chargeback Response. Refer to the chargeback table below for a list of legacy and standard chargeback codes. Amazon requires that packaging and product preparation be in compliance with their regulations. It’s important that you include a copy of your customer terms and conditions in order to prove that the customer knew what to expect from the outset. This will also show if any invalidcharacters such as "/" are in the filename. Pre-Compliance These are outlined below: 1. Notes on API Response. A condo corporation’s declaration may include an indemnification provision. Get your complete guide to Amex reason codes, including all the detailed information, chargeback time limits, and other important information you need. When: If you do not receive a. March 23, 2021. Chargebacks can change without warning by the card network. . It is subject to change and may not include every currently known dispute reason code. Step 2: Customer initiates the chargeback. shipping, labeling or compliance. A chargeback happens when a customer disputes a charge from your business and asks the card. The Year in Chargebacks report is designed to help you recognize the value of data analysis and the role it can play in chargeback management. 4536: Late Presentment: The transaction was not sent to CUP within the timeframe. We’ve proven that including the following types of information in a chargeback response yields the best outcome. According to the FTC and Florida AG, the company took issue with more than 47,000 chargebacks for Apex Capital, more than 41,000 for F9 Advertising, and more than 77,000 for AH Media and affiliate Zanelo, LLC. It's important that merchants be aware of the main causes of chargebacks so they can avoid losing time and revenue. An “Open Status” is when a chargeback has not been responded to and the due date has not yet expired. it is a complicated process, including dozens of chargeback reason codes. 3. In worst-case scenarios, you could be looking at non-compliance fees of up to $50,000 per month. As for the chargeback fees, this will vary based on the payment processor that a business uses and its agreements. Chargebacks are something every business wants to avoid, as they can. To access the Compliance Report: From the iQ Bar, click the Chargebacks icon and chose Chargeback Reporting - Compliance from the list of available reports, or from the Chargebacks Navigation bar. A chargeback reason code is a 2-to-4-digit alphanumeric code provided by the issuing bank involved in a chargeback, which is meant to identify the reason for the dispute. The Chargeback is issued against the Purchase Order (PO) in violation of the URBN Requirement(s). The keys to this are improved communication, enhanced customer satisfaction measures, and effective dispute resolution when necessary. The mechanisms indicate the structure of penalty cost to be flat-fee or linear. The process of Amazon chargebacks begins when a buyer requests a chargeback from their credit card company. Reason Code 12. 00/case multiplied by 3% penalty) Now let’s look at the same example, but this time you were able to deliver all 100 cases. Violation Code cannot be null or empty when case type is Pre-Compliance or Compliance: 100007: 400:If the hotel fights the chargeback, it must resubmit the charge to the acquiring bank, along with evidence to support the claim. 4 reviews. The chargeback process that leads to representment looks like this: The cardholder files a dispute. A chargeback results in a direct financial loss for you, as you have to repay the disputed amount and a chargeback fee. 2. Fraudulent transactions are those that are dishonestly undertaken by criminals for financial gain. Reason Codes Category 4: Processing Errors. 10. Therefore, a chargeback must fit in to the definition of a common expense in order for it to become lienable. 3 No Authorization. Vendor Compliance Program Retailer chargeback fines for non-compliant shipments are a profit-draining reality for many consumer goods manufacturers. This lens should be used to make decisions about allocating usage of different types — if one team is allocated. Chargeback. $20. Although a Rapid Dispute Resolution exchange can happen without merchant involvement, implementation can be a big help to you as a merchant. 9. If left unchecked, chargebacks have the power to wreak havoc on a merchant’s bottom line. 10 Tips for a More Effective Chargeback Policy. Other Chargeback. Administrative Chargeback. If the issuer discovers fraud, they reverse the charge and refund the customer’s money at your expense. Chargeback amount is equal to or less than the exceeded limited /authorised amount. Visa Chargeback Reason Codes. STEP #7: Bank Review & Decisioning. If you choose to have Amazon Pay handle the dispute on your behalf, they will build, present, and maintain your case with the credit card company or bank. The keys to this are improved communication, enhanced customer satisfaction measures, and effective dispute resolution when necessary. Other eligibility criteria include unauthorized transactions, incorrect amount or date, and calculation errors. 10. High fallback rates may result in compliance action by networks. Signifyd: Best for ecommerce companies selling physical products. Thus, a chargeback issued for a violation in February. Coming back full circle, we must therefore find a section of the Act. • 7 min read. Each of the major card brands, including Visa, Mastercard, and others, have their own system of reason codes. 4808 Authorization-Related Chargeback. Reason codes are important to help merchants address recurring. Chargebacks are fees charged to a supplier when terms of their contract have not been met and issues for errors in shipping, labeling or compliance. To calculate the fee, if a shipment contains 10 cartons with each containing 10 defects, the number of defects (10) is multiplied by the number of cartons (10) = 100 defects. The first two digits indicate what category the reason code falls under: 10 for Fraud, 11 for Authorization, 12 for Processing Errors, and 13 for Customer Disputes. Fallback is a high risk transaction often resulting in a decline by the issuer. 10 days to respond to arbitration-based Discover card disputes. In the event of alleged criminal fraud or merchant error, the code returned with the transaction identifies the reason behind the chargeback, potentially exposing faults in the merchant’s processes. . The merchant must pay a fee (anywhere from $20 to $100) for every chargeback that is filed against the business. While credit card issuers are ultimately responsible for the final decision regarding a chargeback, PayPal has an in-house chargeback team for its merchants. That business’s chargeback rate is . As we mentioned above, the term. 98 agreement – s. 1-800-988-2215. 04: 68. The history should be updated within five days of receipt of the paid SF-1166. Chargeback Analyst. 00 per shipment, versus $5. . Reason Code 98). This list was generated 5/4/2022. High-Risk (Excessive): Reaching a chargeback ratio of 1. Amazon takes problems with delivery seriously, as they slow down a smooth-running fulfillment centre. Sometimes Stripe may send you an alert if it thinks a chargeback may be filed. A person used a stolen card to purchase the products. 4512: Duplicate Processing: The cardholder claims that a single transaction was processed more than once. Chargebacks can occur for many reasons, but the following five are the most common causes: The product did not arrive. After a customer asks their bank for a reversal, the issuing bank starts the chargeback process by notifying Square. Q: Can we submit compelling evidence for the chargeback reason code 98? Answer: Certainly not, it's a pre-compliance chargeback as either party has violated the Visa rule. To illustrate, let’s assume a customer disputes a transaction. As any eCommerc. Chargebacks allowed under a condo corporation’s declaration. A. Each of the major card brands, including Visa, Mastercard, and others, have their own system of reason codes. In our example above, the transaction would be the $450 charge from Mary’s flower shop that Cindy found. A chargeback is a reversal of funds after a customer has disputed a transaction with their credit card company. 65%. Depending on. This type of chargeback happens when banks can initiate to seek reimbursement from other. If a delivery is late or products are. There are several ways that merchants can avoid chargebacks: Be transparent – Ensure your customers are fully informed about the goods or services they purchase, including pricing, delivery times, and refund policies. A. Additionally, maintain meticulous records to fight back against any fraudulent chargebacks. A Tradestone Chargeback is a deduction taken from payment as a result of Vendor Non-Compliance. Merchant data would be returned if both account number and expiration date matched. Preparation Related Chargebacks. 3 is the less common version for card-present transactions. The Benchmark Study validates this, stating that only 35% of retailers say their compliance programs are primarily focused on supply chain improvement. If you are entitled to receive NoFraud’s Chargeback Guaranty, then for the period of time you are entitled to receive such Chargeback Guaranty, it will be provided to you strictly in accordance with this Chargeback Protection Policy. Customers cannot dispute pending credit card transactions; they have to wait for it to actually post to their account before they can initiate a dispute. . . For example, an Amazon 1st party vendor with $10 million in shipments could get fines ranging from $400,000 to $1,800,000 for non-compliance chargeback and shortage fees. I work at an LP at a retail e-commerce. Code. point, the bank may initiate a chargeback to Vantiv. 75 for every $1. The issuing bank will then review the dispute and make a decision. This includes documenting key information, auditing billing, monitoring issues, and taking quick action. In the event that Stripe doesn’t overturn the chargeback, Stripe’s $15 chargeback fee will apply, and you’ll also lose the disputed amount. Consolidated Reason Codes. Cardholders who are victims of fraud or merchant misconduct have the option of filing a customer dispute. After filing a chargeback, a consumer. To win a chargeback dispute as a merchant, you must have evidence that is compelling enough to persuade the cardholder’s bank to reevaluate the case. In short: pre-arbitration is a process through which issuers or acquirers can contest an initial chargeback. 05%. Syncrofy proactively alerts you BEFORE chargebacks occur based on the rules you set with your customers. This team communicates information regarding the status of your dispute and supports you through the process. The transaction amount is re-charged to the cardholder’s account, and the funds go back into your bank account. Select the desired Month (current or prior month) and. (98. These chargebacks can easily be avoided by processing credits promptly, as soon as possible after the cardholder has been notified that a refund will be given. . Authored by Jackie Watson. Collect Compelling Evidence. . A customer may dispute any purchase made on their card and request that the bank refund them these funds. The third digit indicates the specific reason within that category. This is the best case scenario when looking to dispute retail chargebacks. Generally, fees are between $10 and $50 per chargeback. This guide is updated regularly to reflect the latest rules and. PT. Our chargeback guidance emphasizes card scheme compliance and customer confidence: rely on us to help you prepare for and overcome chargeback challenges without compromising your customers' shopping experiences. In some cases, merchants may be charged up to $100 per. 1811. In some cases, merchants may be charged up to $100 per chargeback. These are important goals. Gather and Organize Evidence. Vendors can incur a number of transportation-related issue chargebacks. A typical charge for carton (labeling) violations is a minimum of $100. The cardholder claims they were charged multiple times for a single transaction. The chargeback process is not a single event, but rather a complex and time-consuming process involving several parties. shipping, labeling or compliance. The chargeback process is similar across most credit card networks and issuing banks, with specific differences for each bank or network. This is a type of fraud that can be committed by both customers and merchants. 238. 13. 00 per shipment with some operators. The cardholder was unsatisfied with the product or service. Pre-arbitration (pre-arb): When the customer challenges a chargeback won by the business for a second time. 7. Lastly, chargebacks are applied to future payments rather than to current invoices. Chargebacks can be a significant burden for merchants as they result in financial losses, are time-consuming, increase costs, and increase the risk of fraud: Financial loss. Mercator Advisory Group predicts that the volume of chargeback frauds will increase to 33 million in 2022. Best one-stop shop: First Card Payments. A02 No Valid Authorization. Fees are outlined in the merchant agreement and should be reviewed before the. MasterCard - 4855 Goods or Services Not Provided. You may view the above by accessing the Chargebacks tab and selecting Case List. Moreover, we suspect that all of the retailers set the chargeback. Increase conversion rates. . The cardholder files a chargeback via their bank. 1. Fees may be changed by Amazon at any time. Nearly every merchant has the same end goal: to increase revenue. 00 to $7. Please note that most chargeback work is performed outside. chargebacks as an additional source of revenue (Gilmore 2010,Barry 2013). Requested/Required Authorization Not Obtained. 0. Only an issuer can initiate the chargeback process. A chargeback occurs when a customer disputes a charge made by a company. Click Order. A chargeback is a reversal of a credit card payment that is initiated by the cardholder’s bank. Card Present / Card-Not-Present / eCommerce. If they aren’t, they can charge compliance penalties from 70 cents to $2. SEON is fraud prevention for businesses that is built to be adaptable and accessible, presented as a risk tech stack for a digital generation, including fintech companies like Revolut, NuBank, Afterpay, and Mollie. 00 per unit. Mastercard Chargeback & Dispute Resolution Guide. From the day of receiving their credit card bill, a customer will have 60 days to file a chargeback dispute with a card issuer. 10. 03: 58. In these summary reports, each "prenote" is detailed, including the card account number,. . With the introduction of the Visa Dispute Resolution system and the Visa Resolve Online (VROL) platform, reason code 98 became obsolete—Visa no longer wanted chargebacks filed under a generic catch-all reason code, and made the pre-compliance chargeback process a function of VROL. 10. MASTERCARD 98 Good Faith Collection Other NO YES MASTERCARD 99 Pre-Compliance Other NO YES Chargeback Reason Codes Page 2 of 5. com. Visa’s process introduces four dispute categories and associated numerical labels (Fraud – 10, Authorization – 11, Processing Errors – 12, Consumer Disputes – 13) under which the renamed reason codes will be placed. American Express chargeback reason codes, much like Discover, bear one important difference from those under Visa and Mastercard: the issuing bank is also the card network. A credit card chargeback is a charge that’s refunded to you after you successfully dispute a credit card transaction. The first two digits indicate what category the reason code falls under: 10 for Fraud, 11 for Authorization, 12 for Processing Errors, and 13 for Customer Disputes. Fees vary by acquiring bank, from around. Their chargeback process differs because it is typically more straightforward. Standard Threshold: Reaching a chargeback ratio of 0. 1. Credit Cards. Should your company receive enough chargebacks, your acquirer may decide that your company is risky and will therefore increase their processing fees,. This chargeback reason code is also referred to as “Point-of-Interaction” Errors. According to a study released by Juniper Research, ecommerce businesses were projected to lose roughly $20 billion in 2021 due to fraud, an 18% increase over the $17. For example, say a customer purchased a vaping device, but found it was defective. Consider enabling 3D Secure 2. received 1+ business day after the assigned due on date AND your rolling 30-day On Time Tracking Upload Rate is below 98%,. Step 2: Customer initiates the chargeback – After the customer reviews their credit card statement at the end of. In general, merchants can expect to pay anywhere from $20-50 per chargeback. How to dispute an OTIF chargeback Walmart will send an OTIF chargeback around four weeks after the end of each month, so to have the fee waived, the dispute must occur within four weeks of. If they aren’t, they can charge compliance penalties from 70 cents to $2. 4807 Warning Bulletin File. 1 Card Recovery Bulletin or Exception File. Amazon Pay will send you a notification email when you get a chargeback, which will include details such as the order number and reason code. Here is an overview of how the general chargeback process works with most major processors (we’ll get into how Square does it down below) Step 1: A purchase occurs. Chargeback fraud can lead to significant financial losses for businesses and is a growing problem in the e-commerce industry. Key Takeaways. What it Means: When a customer demands a chargeback, that money isn’t drawn directly from the merchant’s account. These penalty fees include: $20 fee to dispute a chargeback. Damaged packaging or product. Fraudulent Transaction: Card Present. 3. ,Lowe’s (2015)) 14 (e. . The cost of chargebacks is said to rise to $117. This includes bubble wrapping, taping, boxing, bagging and suffocation warnings. This team communicates information regarding the status of your dispute and supports you through the process. Fraud Protection* is a built-in, fraud analysis tool provided to ACDC PayPal merchants at no rate. The. The guest may also be asked to provide evidence. 00 ©2017 IEEE 3404 Amazon will expect you to refund the customer, as well as pay chargeback fees. So, when it comes to checkout flows, business objectives tend to fall into two categories: 1. Administrative Chargeback. XLSX. Deleted Revolution Card Reason Code 96. The customer contacts their bank or credit card company and requests that the transaction be reversed, which leads.